These controversies regarding the relationships between citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs can be due to the ways that OCBs are measured. In the literature, OCBs have typically been outlined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are struggling to establish the behavioural motivations fundamental OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4